%% =====================================================
%%   CHAPTER 4
%% =====================================================

\chapter{An Energy-efficient Routing Protocol for WSNs} % Write in your own chapter title
\label{Chapter:4}
%\lhead{CHAPTER 4. \emph{}} % Write in your own chapter title to set the page header

\section{Introduction}
Energy-efficient routing is one such direction which can be explored to prolong network life of resource constraint WSNs. On the contrary, energy-efficient routing is a well known NP -hard optimization problem as well, which arise due to restricted access to hardware and confine use of memory in WSNs thus, non-conventional paradigm are required for design and development of energy-efficient protocols. As discussed in previous chapter, CI based metaheuristic became instrumental in design and development of power efficient protocols for WSNs. Therefore, incorporating the properties of proposed nature inspired \(iABC\) metaheuristic, an energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocol \emph{BeeSwarm}, is presented for WSNs. \emph{BeeSwarm}, is a cluster based three phase routing protocol which selects optimal CHs and optimal routes with optimal utilization of available resources to prolong the network life of WSNs. In this chapter, a detail working  model of \emph{BeeSwarm} is presented in next sections.

