\chapter{Appendix 1- Comparison of existing routing protocols}       \label{Appendix:C}
\lhead{ \emph{}}

A relative comparison of these protocols are presented, in chronological order highlighting their features and limitations for a ready reference in table [\ref{tab2.1}] :

\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Comparison of existing routing protocols in WSNs}
\label{tab2.1}
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.6}{%
\begin{tabular}{l| l| l |l  | l p{3cm}}
%\caption{Comparison of existing routing protocols in WSNs}\label{tab2.1} \\
  \hline
   \bf Protocol & \hspace{.3cm} \bf Classification & \hspace{.2cm} \bf Mechanism & \hspace{.2cm} \bf Features & \hspace{.3cm} \bf Limitations   \\
   \hline
   F\&G  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} Simplicity of use & \hspace{.3cm} Traffic Overhead  \\
   \hline
   DD  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Data-Centric & \hspace{.3cm}  Scalability & \hspace{.3cm}  High Overhead  \\
   \hline
   GBR & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} High Scalability & \hspace{.3cm}   Low PDR    \\
   \hline
   GEAR & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Location-Based & \hspace{.3cm} Scalability & \hspace{.3cm} High Latency    \\
   \hline
   RR  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} High Scalability & \hspace{.3cm}  High Communication Cost    \\
   \hline
   CADR  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} High Scalability & \hspace{.3cm}  High Overhead \\
   \hline
   LEACH  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Self-organization & \hspace{.3cm}  High Communication Cost  \\
   \hline
   SPIN  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Data-Centric & \hspace{.3cm} High Scalability & \hspace{.3cm}  High Overhead  \\
   \hline
   SPEED  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} Energy-efficient & \hspace{.3cm} Low Adaptability \\
   \hline
    SAR  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} Multi-path & \hspace{.3cm} High Overhead  \\
    \hline
   HEED & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Low Communication Cost & \hspace{.3cm}  High Latency   \\
   \hline
    AntChain & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm}  Location-Based & \hspace{.3cm} Energy-efficient & \hspace{.3cm}  Less robust   \\
   \hline
   EAQSR  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} Low Latency & \hspace{.3cm} Low PDR  \\
    \hline
   EEABR & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} High Throughput & \hspace{.3cm} Proactive Nature  \\
    \hline
   PEACH  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Load Balancing & \hspace{.3cm}  High Latency  \\
   \hline
   SDG & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Fast Convergence & \hspace{.3cm}   Low Coverage  \\
   \hline
   EEMC  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Minimum Overhead & \hspace{.3cm} Uniform Node Distribution  \\
   \hline
   ASAR & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} Better PDR & \hspace{.3cm} Less Efficiency  \\
   \hline
   EEHC  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Node Heterogeneity  & \hspace{.3cm}  Low PDR  \\
   \hline
   EBAB & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based& \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} High PDR & \hspace{.3cm}  Clustering Overhead  \\
   \hline
   MRP  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Prolong Network Lifetime  & \hspace{.3cm} Need Parameters Adjustment   \\
   \hline
   ACO-C & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Better PDR  & \hspace{.3cm}Network Overhead   \\
   \hline
   EECF  & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Prolong Network Lifetime  & \hspace{.3cm} Low Transmission Range   \\
   \hline
   AntSensNet & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} QoS & \hspace{.3cm} Low Energy Consumption  & \hspace{.3cm} High Latency   \\
   \hline
   MBC   & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} High Node Mobility & \hspace{.3cm} High Communication Cost   \\
   \hline
   UCFIA & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Prolong Network Lifetime & \hspace{.3cm} Need Parameters Adjustment   \\
   \hline
   DEECIC & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Better Network Coverage  & \hspace{.3cm} Low Scalability   \\
   \hline
   ERP  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Better Network Lifetime  & \hspace{.3cm} Non-cluster Based Approach  \\
   \hline
   BeeSensor  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} Low Processing Cost & \hspace{.3cm} Non-cluster Based Approach\\
   \hline
   EEFTMR & \hspace{.3cm} Classical & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} Fault Tolerant & \hspace{.3cm} Non-cluster Based Approach\\
   \hline
   HSACP  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Fast Convergence & \hspace{.3cm} No Load Balancing\\
   \hline
   PSO  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical & \hspace{.3cm} Better PDR  & \hspace{.3cm} High Overhead  \\
    \hline
   ECPSOA   & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Flat & \hspace{.3cm} High Robustness  & \hspace{.3cm} Computationally Complex  \\
   \hline
   SIF  & \hspace{.3cm} CI Based & \hspace{.3cm} Hierarchical  & \hspace{.3cm} Energy Balanced Sets of Clusters  & \hspace{.3cm} Fuzzy Based Routing \\
   \hline

\end{tabular}}
\end{center}

\end{table}

