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\chapter{Introduction}
\label{Chapter:1}
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The beauty of technology lies in to revolutionize the way we live, work, and interact with the environment around us. Wireless communication is one such technology, which is undergoing rapid advancements with the phenomenal rise of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSNs are comprise of  randomly distributed, self-configured and autonomous Sensor Nodes (SNs), which are deployed to collect specific event data. WSNs are typically having minimum or no fixed infrastructure as they share common features of wireless ad-hoc networks like the ability to adopt dynamic networks and topologies along with the capability of self-organization without any manual intervention. These features indorse WSNs for such applications where there is no existing network setup or setting up a fixed infrastructure network is considered infeasible. This flexibility of WSNs leads to variety of applications such as habitat monitoring, enemy surveillance, object tracking, structural health monitoring or smart farming to name a few. Even though WSNs has immense potential and promising future, there are big challenges too which need great attention as well. Some well-known challenges include node connectivity, link quality, localization, scalability, security, and energy-efficiency. Out of these, energy-efficiency for WSNs remain a topnotch challenge for researchers around the world as it affects overall performance of the network despite best design and deployment strategies. In this proposed work, efforts are made to address this foremost concern through energy-efficient routing techniques for WSNs.


